Sunday, January 7, 2007

Yes! There is philosophy in Human Computer Interaction too..:-)

Recently I found this book review:

Coyne, Richard, Designing Information Technology in the Postmodern Age.

This book examines the design of computer systems from the perspective of several areas of postmodern philosophy. Coyne seeks to investigate and illuminate the role of computer technology in our lives and the processes by which it is created. This book is not a how-to book for computer software design, but a deep critique of the traditional paradigms of computer science. However, along the way the serious designer may find new perspectives which may lead to new modes of interacting with computer technology.

The field of computer science was originally rooted in the analytical and theoretical traditions of rationalism. Schools taught software design as an extension of mathematics and logic. Actual software design, on the other hand, progresses in ways better described by pragmatism, with its concerns on human action, the materiality of the world, and the interaction of the senses. In the first chapter, Coyne examines the pragmatism of Dewey and the pragmatic media studies of McLuhan, and concludes that computer designers would be better served by turning from theory to a concentration on praxis.

Coyne's book then explores the schools of critical theory, hermeneutics, and deconstruction for what each can say about the process of design. Coyne explains each of these schools with clarity and understanding. For instance, the critical theory of Marcuse is seen to describe the way information theory marginalizes the ethical,decontextualizes human experience, and promotes domination. Coyne decides that Marcuse raises serious moral concerns about our helplessness in the face of the spread of computer technology, but because of radical, global reform of his proposed solution it is of little use in guiding the concerned software designer.Throughout the entire discussion is the influence of Heidegger, whose book "Question Concerning Technology" is probably the most influential philosophical critique of technology. Heidegger's theory of the "technological mode of thought" which "enframes" the entire world and reduces all objects and people to a "standing reserve" is compared by Coyne with all the other thinkers, even those like Derrida who reject key elements of Heidegger's theory.

Coyne then moves on to consider cyberspace in light of Heidegger's distinction of being "in" a world versus involvement with the world. He also examines virtual reality technology and contrasts the traditional view of truth as correspondence used by most researchers with Heidegger's view of truth as disclosure. Coyne determines that the important thing about virtual reality is not the ever improving graphical technologies for mirroring reality, but the potential for showing alternate realities which can cause us to reflect on our own real world.

Finally, Coyne turns to the subject of metaphor. Metaphors have been seen by writers such as Lakoff and Johnson as fundamental to human thought. Coyne shows that metaphors can shape how we understand technology, decide what problems need technological solutions, and provide a basis for evaluating technologies. New metaphors provide software designers new way of thinking about the use of computer technology, for instance Apple's famous desktop metaphor, which can lead to new directions in software design.

Coyne concludes his book with a return to pragmatism. He concludes that attention to the practice of computer use combined with the power of metaphors to illuminate new ways of interacting with the technology can guide computer developers much better than analytic problem solving. This book is valuable for showing how recent philosophy can illuminate issues of new technology. It provides not much practical suggestions for designers, but a wealth of new perspectives and ideas which when applied by creative designers could be developed into new ways of interacting with technology.



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1 comment:

Anonymous said...

Hi there,
Very interesting to read reviews of some of Coyne's books. I was actually taught by him 2 years back at Edinburgh Uni and went through some of his works at the time- good to see professionals studying his works as well...Cheers,Puja